tobacco amblyopia meaning
tobacco amblyopia meaning is a form of toxic amblyopia caused by tobacco containing cyanide. Tobacco amblyopia is marked by a gradual impairment of vision characterised by visual field defects and hindered central vision. # The historic term 'tobacco–alcohol amblyopia'
The historic term 'tobaccoalcohol amblyopia' refers to the occurrence of bilateral optic neuropathy in smokers consuming alcoholic beverages. Pathologic features included retinal ganglion cell loss and papillomacular degeneration Toxic optic neuropathies: an updated review Grzybowski 2015 Acta Ophthalmologica Wiley Online Library PDF) Tobacco alcohol amblyopia: A maculopathy? Amblyopia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention
USD26.67
USD75.67
Pay in 4 interest-free payments of $6.67 Learn more
Shipping Estimate
USA
- USA
- CAN
- USA
- CAN
Ships within 48 hours · Estimated delivery Jul 31 - Aug 5
