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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), prolonged use of opioid-containing medications like Vicodin (hydrocodone/acetaminophen) and Percocet (oxycodone/acetaminophen) results in physical dependency, withdrawal symptoms, and substance use disorders

For instance, these pigment-producing cells are found inside the inner ear, where they contribute to the hearing function, and in the heart, where they are involved in the electrical conductivity and support the stiffness of cardiac valves 27

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doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1597387 Received 21 March 2025 Accepted 18 April 2025 Published 02 May 2025 Volume 13 - 2025 Edited by Maria Gazouli, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Reviewed by Yuhang Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Yanting Li, Qingdao University, China Updates Copyright 2025 Chen, Zheng, Cai and Chen