This work was supported by Shandong medical and health science and technology development plan project (Grant number 202003030357), Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (RZ2100002858), the Qingdao Natural Science Foundation (24-4-4-zrjj-115-jch) and Qingdao Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project (2023-WJZD069) to Hongyun Wei
Its mechanism of action has been attributed to the suppression of proteolytic bacteria, by favoring an increase in acidophilic bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus) and ammonia ion uptake, thanks to the acidification of the content of the colon (the increase in bowel movement rhythm and osmotic effect due to reduced pH) and bacterial nitrogen metabolism alteration, stimulating the use of ammonia by those bacteria for protein synthesis.47 All those mechanisms explain its efficacy.48,49 A series of randomized clinical trials (RCTs),5053 as well as observational studies, have shown the benefit of lactulose compared with the absence of therapy, albeit there are no truly double-blind studies, given that it is extremely difficult to blind the laxative effect and the typical sweet taste of lactulose
To break this cycle, the researchers administered MSC-EVs enriched with functional mitochondria
Role of epigenetic modifications in the aberrant CYP19A1 gene expression in polycystic ovary syndrome
