bpc-157 evidence human clinical trials safety randomized trial and the Difference Between an Gap and a Cover-Up: What the entire evidence base actually looks like, and the questions to ask next. — WellFounded Christopher FDA advisers back first four

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People who have had gastrointestinal surgery, such as having part or all of their stomach removed for weight loss

Reduced glomerular filtration or kidney reserve Dehydration or inconsistent fluid intake Low bicarbonate or limited buffering capacity High dietary acid load with low vegetable intake Sleep apnea or impaired nighttime oxygenation Sedentary lifestyle and low aerobic conditioning Gut fermentation and dysbiosis Alcohol, diuretics, stimulants and selected medications Elevated SAH and low SAM:SAH ratio Elevated homocysteine Low serum carbon dioxide or bicarbonate Creatinine, cystatin C and estimated GFR Urinalysis and urine albumin Uric acid, electrolytes and phosphorus Adenosine and expanded methylation analytes when available The clinical question is not simply Is the patient acidic? The more useful question is whether filtration, hydration, buffering, enzyme efficiency and downstream disposal are adequate to keep SAH, homocysteine, adenosine and other metabolites moving through the pathway

Panorama of Black Artists , LACMA, Los Angeles, CA (1972)