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Launching a peptide serum from scratch requires a certain level of formulation expertise, especially because peptides are sensitive ingredients that require stable formulation environments

In cancer patients, long-term exposure to persistent antigens and inflammation leads to continual stimulation of T cells

The authors excluded other mechanisms of VitC in this process such as antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity and TET enzyme activation, strongly arguing that STAT1 activation via vitcylation was the main mechanism

Except for ATF4, most ATF family members possess alternatively spliced isoforms, although their roles in macrophages remain largely unknown