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Interestingly and in contrast to CHAC1, CHAC2 is not localized to the mitochondria (Ward et al., 2024)

Additionally, we decided to study mTOR activation, as this kinase is part of a complex responsible for the integration of multiple signals to regulate a wide variety of cellular functions, such as translation, transcription, protein turnover, and cell growth ( Figure 3D )

2.2 HSC activation and liver fibrosis HSCs not only coordinate ECM deposition in the injured liver, but also are the main effectors of liver inflammation (Zhao and Chen, 2019)

Human tendon-cell studies 5 have shown elevated collagen I and III expression following IGF-1 exposure, suggesting faster connective tissue healing