dietary sources of l-carnitine Source Naturals Acetyl and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Tablets 650mg, 240 ct L-Carnitine 500mg

Probiotics: should all patients take them

Mitochondrial DNA To determine the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed using DNA obtained from muscle tissues

E-E-A-T Note: It is imperative to distinguish that the vast majority of compelling data on MOTS-c benefits derives from preclinical animal models (primarily mice)

Abbreviations ACE: serum angiotensin converting enzyme AFB: acid-fast bacteria AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibody ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRI: magnetic resonance imaging p-ANCA: peripheral anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis Declarations Acknowledgement The support of the Herman Lopata Chair in Hepatitis Research (to GYW) is gratefully acknowledged