glutathione chemical formula L-Glutathione reduced-d5 (GSH-d5) | Stable Isotope Oxidized glutathione molecule, illustr |

Both of these isozymes have been putatively linked to assist the oxidative protein folding process in the ER using hydrogen peroxide and GSH as substrates [1, 8]

15 Similarly, increased generation of NAD + via the KP in resting, aged or immune-challenged macrophages restores OXPHOS and homeostatic immune responses, whereas inhibition of de novo NAD + synthesis induces an increased inflammation-associated TCA-cycle metabolite succinate and elevated mitochondria-generated ROS, resulting in rising innate immune dysfunction in aging and age-associated diseases

Neuroprotection and nervous system repair models

An ANR grant (PhotoGene, ANR-21-CE11-0036-01) awarded to GS supported the research reported in this paper