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While the study volunteers were older adults, who may have a specific vulnerability to lower levels of B12, co-first author Alexandra Beaudry-Richard, MSc, said that these lower levels could impact cognition to a greater extent than what we previously thought, and may affect a much larger proportion of the population than we realize. Beaudry-Richard is currently completing her doctorate in research and medicine at the UCSF Department of Neurology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Ottawa

FNR, the master regulator involved in the adaptation to oxygen-limited conditions

Furthermore, it reverses the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-induced reduction in the phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic factor Akt (p-Akt), thereby upregulating p-Akt to enhance cell survival signaling (121)