YL: Data curation, Resources, Writing original draft
A doctor can advise you on whether you need vitamin B12 only or as part of the vitamin B complex
Key Points Fibromyalgia represents the extreme end of the spectrum of chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes and is characterized by chronic widespread pain, insomnia, fatigue, distress and mechanical allodynia Although patients with fibromyalgia display extensive cutaneous hyperalgesia, most of their pain complaints are related to deep tissues like muscles, joints and ligaments Abnormal pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia is not limited to mechanical stimuli, but also includes sensitivity to thermal, electrical, and chemical stimuli Pain-processing abnormalities in fibromyalgia include temporal summation (wind-up) of second pain as well as peripheral and central sensitization There is evidence for abnormal antinociceptive mechanisms in fibromyalgia Effective fibromyalgia treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, aerobic exercise and pharmacologic therapies This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF
MDA was supported by the American Alzheimers Association (AARG-18-566270 and AARG-21-851219), by the Italian Ministry of Health (Research Grant: RF-2018 -12365527), and by the Fondazione Roma (Rome, Italy)
