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2-Hydroxy-linolenic acid from leaf oil bodies and the epoxy and hydroxy derivatives of linoleic acid resulting from the peroxygenase pathway are toxic to fungal pathogens, while 9-keto-10 E ,12 Z ,15 Z -octadecatrienoic acid, produced from linoleic acid by the action of 9-LOX, is a potent inhibitor of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv

Notably, as a vital component of GPX, selenium functions as an antioxidant by catalyzing the reduction of glutathione (GSH) into its oxidized form (GSSG), thereby converting toxic peroxides into non-toxic hydroxyl compounds

To enable comparison across all sweetener compounds, we used a concentration of 50 M which we estimated within the range of concentrations relevant for the colon (Dataset EV4)

Currently, chemists and material scientists are deeply involved in the research and development of biocatalytic materials to serve as artificial antioxidases, including metal oxides, nanocarbons, and metallic nanoparticles, aimed at enhancing the ROS elimination activity to safeguard redox homeostasis and support the viability of stem cells 32,33,34,35,36