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Always read the patient information leaflet supplied with your medication and speak to a healthcare professional if you have specific concerns.

In a retrospective study, the scientists tried to isolate the effects of smoking on hundreds of thousands of people whose health has been tracked for some time over a fifty year window

According to the NHS some of the effects, both short and long term are as follows: After 20 minutes your pulse rate starts to return to normal After 8 hours your oxygen levels will be returning to normal and the carbon monoxide in your blood will have reduced by half After 48 hours your body will have flushed out all carbon monoxide, your lungs will start to clear out mucus and your sense of taste and smell will have improved After 72 hours your breathing may feel easier because your bronchial tubes have started to relax

Most notably, formaldehyde and acrolein exhibit their toxicity through adduct formation with proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [37]