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Probably the most important example for such an alternative concept is the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis put forward already years ago by Swerdlow and coworkers, assuming mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced oxidative stress and elevated free radical (ROS) production as the major pathomechanism of AD which slowly develops by aging and finally leads to the clinical disease

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 23.Thomasson H R, Beard J D, Li T K

Notably, intravenous administration of macrophages alone, at an equivalent quantity, achieved a comparable effect to that observed in the drug-only monotherapy groups (Supplementary Figure S9A-C)

Moreover, characterization studies help establish a foundation for future laboratory investigations