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The short- and long-term health consequences of a childs exposure to secondhand smoke (also called passive smoking) are extensive

Some states tax based on manufacturer, wholesale, or retail price ( ad valorem ), while other states tax based on product volume or number of cartridges ( ad quantum )

The researchers measured particle size distribution, carbon content, trace metals and oxidative potential, a metric that reflects a particles ability to generate reactive oxygen species that can damage tissues and trigger inflammation

To combat the influence of such descriptors, Article 11, Section 1a of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) states that tobacco product packaging and labelling may not create an erroneous impression including use of descriptors such as low tar, light, ultra-light, or mild. More recently, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 (FSPTCA) banned the use of explicit or implicit descriptors that convey messages of reduced risk including light, mild, and low (Ashley and Backinger, 2012