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Schlam and Baker, 2013) and underlies the need for identifying additional long-term efficacious smoking cessation treatments

Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange Related to: Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke Accumulated airway damage Decreased lung function Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor respiratory rate, depth, and oxygen saturation Rationale: Identifies early signs of respiratory compromise Teach proper breathing exercises Rationale: Improves lung capacity and oxygen exchange Encourage regular physical activity Rationale: Enhances respiratory function and endurance Educate about avoiding triggers Rationale: Prevents acute respiratory distress Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain optimal oxygen saturation levels The patient will demonstrate improved breathing patterns The patient will report decreased shortness of breath Nursing Care Plan 3

3.5 Attitude to tobacco use among vaping users Among current vaping users ( n = 284), ETUAS scores varied significantly by sex, nationality, and university location